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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cable barrier</span></span>

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<p>A <b>cable barrier</b>, sometimes referred to as <b>guard cable</b> or <b>wire rope safety barrier</b> (WRSB), is a type of roadside or median safety <a href="Traffic_barrier" title="Traffic barrier">traffic barrier</a>/<a href="Guard_rail" title="Guard rail">guard rail</a>. It consists of <a href="Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> <a href="Wire_rope" title="Wire rope">wire ropes</a> mounted on weak posts. As is the case with any roadside barrier, its primary purpose is to prevent a <a href="Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicle</a> from leaving the traveled way and striking a fixed object or <a href="Terrain" title="Terrain">terrain</a> feature that is less forgiving than itself.<sup id="cite_ref-Transportation_Officials_2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transportation_Officials_2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also similar to most roadside barriers, cable barriers function by capturing and/or redirecting the errant vehicle.

</p><p>Because these barriers are relatively inexpensive, as opposed to <a href="Concrete_step_barrier" title="Concrete step barrier">concrete step barriers</a> to install and maintain, and are very effective at capturing vehicles, their use is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. By far, the most popular use of the cable barrier system occurs in the medians of <a href="Divided_highways" class="mw-redirect" title="Divided highways">divided highways</a>.

</p>

<p>Given the opposing directions of traffic on divided highways, cross median crashes are particularly severe. While median width plays a large role in the occurrence of these crashes, increased width alone does not eliminate them and quite often, the median must be shielded with a barrier. Cable barriers provide a cost-effective solution to the shielding issue.

</p><p>The system is more forgiving than traditional concrete <a href="Jersey_barrier" title="Jersey barrier">(Jersey)</a> barriers or steel barriers used today and remains effective when installed on sloping terrain. The flexibility of the system absorbs impact <a href="Energy" title="Energy">energy</a> and dissipates it laterally, which reduces the forces transmitted to the vehicle occupants.<sup id="cite_ref-Transportation_Officials_2006_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transportation_Officials_2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Although cable barriers have been used since the 1960s it was not until the mid-1990s that many departments of transportation began to deploy them with any regularity.

</p><p>In many countries of the <a href="European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> these cable barriers are not allowed to be used along highways as they are perceived to be especially hazardous for motorcyclists. However, a study of motorcyclist injury rates for several types of highway barrier did not find an appreciable difference in fatal and severe injuries between cable and W-beam barriers. Both were significantly more hazardous than concrete barriers but less hazardous than none.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div>

<p>There are two types of cable barrier systems in use today, low-tension and high-tension. Each system has its advantages and disadvantages, but in general, a high-tension system has a higher initial cost with lower long-term maintenance costs and concerns.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Low-tension">Low-tension</h3></div>

<p>During the expansion of cable barrier use throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the low-tension system was specified almost exclusively. This system is also called the “generic” system, referring to the fact that it is not exclusively manufactured by any single producer.

</p><p>Low tension simply means the cables themselves are tensed only enough to eliminate sag between posts. Large <a href="Spring_(device)" title="Spring (device)">springs</a> at both ends of the cable run are compressed (according to temperature)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to maintain the tension in the system.

</p><p>When a vehicle impacts the low-tension system under normal conditions, the cable moves as much as 12 ft (3.7 metres) from its original location. This movement is known as the dynamic deflection.

Given the lack of tension in the system, individual installations, or “runs”, of cable are limited to 2,000 ft (600 metres) with an anchor assembly at each end.

</p><p>Due to the low tension of the system, the cables tend to lie on the ground in the event that an impact damages multiple posts. As such, there is no residual safety value within the undamaged remainder of the 2,000 ft (600 metres) installation and that entire section of barrier will remain nonfunctional until repaired.

</p><p>Despite these perceived shortcomings, low-tension cable barrier, until recently, was arguably the <a href="Workhorse" class="mw-redirect" title="Workhorse">workhorse</a> of the industry. Thousands of miles of the generic system remain in use today in countries worldwide.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High-tension">High-tension</h3></div>

</caption>

<th colspan="2" style="background:#BEBEBE">Available High-Tension Cable Barriers

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th width="150" style="background:#BEBEBE">System</th>

<th width="150" style="background:#BEBEBE">Manufacturer

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>ArmorWire</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://armorflex.co.nz/products/Cable-Barriers/Armorwire-TL-4-(Sentryline-II).aspx">Armorflex International</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Brifen</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brifenusa.com">Brifen USA</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highwayguardrail.com/">Trinity Industries, Inc.</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Gibraltar</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081119142926/http://www.gibraltartx.com/">Gibraltar</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Safence</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bluesystems.se/">Blue Systems, AB</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>NU-CABLE</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110522024626/http://nucorhighway.com/nu-cable.html">Nucor Steel Marion, Inc.</a>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>In appearance, high-tension cable is very similar to low-tension. In most other aspects, the two systems are very different.

</p><p>High-tension cable consists of three or four pre-stretched cables supported by weak posts. Currently, all high-tension systems are <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proprietary" class="extiw external" title="wikt:proprietary">proprietary</a>, that is, marketed under exclusive right of a specific <a href="Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturer</a>.

</p><p>During installation, the cables are placed on the posts, and then tightened to a specific tension according to <a href="Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a>. The tensions values range between approximately 2,000 and 9,000lb (9,000 to 40,000 Newtons). Due to this tightening, the cable installations can be of indefinite length. In fact, the lengths of the runs are usually only limited by the presence of obstacles such as median openings or bridge columns.

</p><p>When a vehicle impacts the high-tension system under normal conditions, the cable deflects as little as 8 ft (2.4 metres) from its original location. The inherent tension within the system also allows the cables to remain strung, even after an impact that removes several posts, thus allowing the remainder of the run to function normally.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance_limits">Performance limits</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Safety_testing">Safety testing</h3></div>

<p>A roadside safety hardware feature must undergo rigorous safety testing before it can be used on the <a href="National_Highway_System_(United_States)" title="National Highway System (United States)">National Highway System (NHS)</a> in the United States. Most states have adopted the same testing criteria for <a href="Highway" title="Highway">highways</a> that are not on the NHS. The standard by which all roadside safety features are measured is contained within the <a href="National_Cooperative_Highway_Research_Program" title="National Cooperative Highway Research Program">National Cooperative Highway Research Program</a> Report No. 350 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509083709/http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roadway_dept/road_hardware/nchrp_350.htm">NCHRP 350</a>).

NCHRP 350 evaluates safety hardware according to three general factors:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<dl><dt>Structural Adequacy</dt></dl>

<p>The system must contain and redirect the vehicle with no underriding, overriding, or penetration.

</p>

<dl><dt>Occupant Risk</dt></dl>

<p>Fragments of the system cannot penetrate the <a href="Passenger" title="Passenger">passenger</a> compartment, the vehicle must remain upright during and after the collision, and the passenger must not undergo excessive impact or deceleration.

</p>

<dl><dt>Vehicle Trajectory</dt></dl>

<p>After the impact, the vehicle should not intrude into adjacent traffic lanes nor should it exit the system at an angle greater than 60% of the entry angle.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Test_levels">Test levels</h3></div>

<p>Within NCHRP 350 there are six separate test levels (TL) representing different vehicles, impact angles, and speeds. Test level three (TL-3) is probably the most common as it establishes safety criteria for both small <a href="Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">cars</a> and pickups at 60 miles per hour (97 km/h). This category of traffic accounts for the majority of all vehicle traffic in the United States.

</p><p>At TL-3, an 1,800 pounds (820 kg) car is crashed at 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) on an impact angle of 20°. Also at this level, a 4,400 pounds (2,000 kg) <a href="Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">pickup truck</a> impacts at 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) and 25°. TL-4 includes both these tests but adds a 17,600 pounds (8,000 kg) single-unit truck impacting at 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) and 25°.

</p><p>All cable barrier systems available today are approved at either TL-3 or TL-4. There is a great deal of anecdotal evidence, however, that many of these systems are performing at a higher level in the field capturing vehicles as large as <a href="Semi-trailer_truck" title="Semi-trailer truck">semi truck-trailer combinations</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_limits">Environmental limits</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slopes">Slopes</h3></div>

<p>Cable barrier, is intended for use on <a href="Slope" title="Slope">slopes</a> with a 1:6 vertical to horizontal ratio. The 1V:6H requirement is based in both <a href="Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> modeling and full-scale crash testing and represents sound theory. In practice, however, slopes as flat as 1V:6H are often the exception.

</p><p>In these cases, there are three TL-4 systems available that function as TL-3 on slopes as steep as 1V:4H.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clearance">Clearance</h3></div>

<p>Rigid barriers such as concrete and semi-rigid barriers such as steel guardrail, exhibit impact <a href="Deflection_(engineering)" title="Deflection (engineering)">deflections</a> of 0 to 4 ft (1.2 metres), respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Transportation_Officials_2006_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transportation_Officials_2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flexible systems such as cable barriers deflect between 8 and 12 ft (2.4 and 3.7 metres) upon impact.

Given these relatively large deflections, cable barrier systems are not usually considered appropriate to shield fixed objects closer than 8 ft (2.4 metres) offset of the travelled way. Even when the available clearance exceeds 8 ft (2.4 metres), the public seems to have a greater level of confidence in a more robust barrier.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defective_installation_and_accidents">Defective installation and accidents</h2></div>

<p>Median Cable Barriers have been studied for safety, and they are arguably effective deterrents to serious highway accidents. However, a lack of proper installation and testing has led to severe collisions and even death.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In places, such as <a href="Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, there is indication that the state government agency in charge of highway regulation failed to follow proper installation procedures.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apparently there are internal government documents which show that the <a href="Arizona_Department_of_Transportation" title="Arizona Department of Transportation">Arizona Department of Transportation</a> was aware of cable barrier problems, and they may have also rushed installation of these barriers on state highways.

</p><p>A major problem alleged, that reduces the effectiveness of cable barriers, is the installation below grade, especially around slopes or dips.<sup id="cite_ref-kpho.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kpho.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without any compensation for a slope in the median, a car can actually jump the top of a barrier, and therefore be exposed to a potential cross-over collision. Litigation has arisen in Arizona regarding the improper installation of cable barriers.<sup id="cite_ref-kpho.com_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kpho.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One wrongful death suit resulted in a one million dollar settlement with the state.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="Washington_(U.S._state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington (U.S. state)">Washington</a> state, numerous letters were submitted to the state <a href="Department_of_Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Transportation">Department of Transportation</a> complaining of cable barrier installation.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_specifications">Common specifications</h2></div>

<th>

</th>

<th>Tension (Low/High)

</th>

<th>Containment/Deflection

</th>

<th>No. of ropes (1/2/3/4)

</th>

<th>Standards - TL3/TL4/other

</th>

<th>Symmetrical/Non-Symmetrical

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>example 1

</td>

<td>High

</td>

<td>Deflection

</td>

<td>4

</td>

<td>other

</td>

<td>Symmetrical

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>example 2

</td>

<td>High

</td>

<td>Containment

</td>

<td>4

</td>

<td>TL4

</td>

<td>Symmetrical

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_characteristics">Common characteristics</h2></div>

<p><i>Tension</i> – High tensioned WRSB are generally tensioned to app. 2.5t during installation (subject to weather conditions, type of WRSB, and other factors). Low tensioned WRSB are not as common as they used to be, the tension is generally very low and close to 0.

</p><p><i>Containment or Deflection</i> – based WRSB. Deflection aimed WRSB could be tensioned to slightly higher tension and will most probably use 4 wires (ropes). The overall length of the barrier tends to be shorter. Containment based WRSB will have wire ropes spread further apart from each other (approximately 150mm - 60mm), to increase the catchment area.

</p>

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<ul><li><a href="Barrier_transfer_machine" title="Barrier transfer machine">Barrier transfer machine</a></li>

<li><a href="Bremer_wall" title="Bremer wall">Bremer wall</a></li>

<li><a href="Concrete_step_barrier" title="Concrete step barrier">Concrete step barrier</a></li>

<li><a href="Constant-slope_barrier" title="Constant-slope barrier">Constant-slope barrier</a></li>

<li><a href="F-shape_barrier" title="F-shape barrier">F-shape barrier</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_attenuator" title="Impact attenuator">Impact attenuator</a></li>

<li><a href="Jersey_barrier" title="Jersey barrier">Jersey barrier</a></li>

<li><a href="Median_strip" title="Median strip">Median strip</a></li>

<li><a href="Traffic_barrier" title="Traffic barrier">Traffic barrier</a></li>

<li><a href="Traffic_bollard" title="Traffic bollard">Traffic bollard</a></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-Transportation_Officials_2006-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Transportation_Officials_2006_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Transportation_Officials_2006_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Transportation_Officials_2006_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Roadside Design Guide. Third Edition, 2006. Task Force on Roadside Safety, 2006.</span>

</li>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFDaniello,_AllisonGabler,_Hampton_C.2011" class="citation journal cs1">Daniello, Allison; Gabler, Hampton C. (2011). "Effect of Barrier Type on Injury Severity in Motorcycle-to-Barrier Collisions in North Carolina, Texas, and New Jersey". <i>Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board</i>. <b>2262</b> (2262): <span class="nowrap">144–</span>151. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3141%2F2262-14">10.3141/2262-14</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:110660381">110660381</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Missouri Department of Transportation. Missouri Standard Plans for Highway Construction. Design Division, Engineering Policy Section, 2006.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ross, H.E. Jr., D.L. Sicking, R.A. Zimmer, and J. Michie. Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features. National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 350. Transportation Research Board. Washington D.C., 1993.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baxter, J.R. to D.W. Muir. May 2006. Brifen WRSF on 1V:4H slope. Federal Highway Administration. Roadside Hardware: Acceptance Letters. HSA-10 / B82-B1.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baxter, J.R. to B. Neusch. July 2006. Gibraltar Cable Barrier on 4:1 slope @ TL-3. Federal Highway Administration. Roadside Hardware: Acceptance Letters. HSA-10 / B137C.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kpho.com/iteam/17120712/detail.html"><i>5 Investigates Freeway Cable Barriers</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614064312/http://www.kpho.com/iteam/17120712/detail.html#">Archived</a> 2011-06-14 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; August 7, 2008; KPHO CBS 5; retrieved October 24, 2008.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kpho.com/iteam/17120712/detail.html"><i>5 Investigates Cable Barrier Contradictions.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614064312/http://www.kpho.com/iteam/17120712/detail.html#">Archived</a> 2011-06-14 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; September 25, 2007; KPHO CBS 5; retrieved October 24, 2008.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-kpho.com-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kpho.com_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kpho.com_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kpho.com/news/10912699/detail.html"><i>5 Finds Freeway Barrier Hazards</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614064527/http://www.kpho.com/news/10912699/detail.html#">Archived</a> 2011-06-14 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; <a href="KPHO" class="mw-redirect" title="KPHO">KPHO</a> <a href="CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> 5; Retrieved on October 24, 2008.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcordova.com/english/significant_cases_torres.html"><i>Significant Cases</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081030074715/http://www.mcordova.com/english/significant_cases_torres.html">Archived</a> 2008-10-30 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; Torres.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/fulltext/cablemedianbarrier/11_AppdxC_Reduced.pdf"><i>Appendix C</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100616014446/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/fulltext/cablemedianbarrier/11_AppdxC_Reduced.pdf">Archived</a> 2010-06-16 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; WS Dot; PDF file</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qp-AkaQt5iY&feature=endscreen">Cable Guardrails - Federal Highway Administration - Video VH-2C</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Road_hierarchy380" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Road" title="Road">Road</a> <a href="Road_hierarchy" title="Road hierarchy">hierarchy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Types_of_road" title="Types of road">Types of road</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Limited-access_road" title="Limited-access road">Limited-access</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bicycle_highway" title="Bicycle highway">Bicycle highway</a></li>

<li><a href="Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">Freeway / Motorway</a></li>

<li><a href="Dual_carriageway" title="Dual carriageway">Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway</a></li>

<li><a href="Elevated_highway" title="Elevated highway">Elevated highway</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Highways_in_Australia" title="Highways in Australia">Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="Transport_in_Belgium#Road_transport" title="Transport in Belgium">Belgium</a></li>

<li><a href="Brazilian_Highway_System" title="Brazilian Highway System">Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="Roads_in_Canada" title="Roads in Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="Expressways_of_China" title="Expressways of China">China</a></li>

<li><a href="Highways_in_Croatia" title="Highways in Croatia">Croatia</a></li>

<li><a href="Highways_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Highways in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li>

<li><a href="Autobahn" title="Autobahn">Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Highways_in_Greece" title="Highways in Greece">Greece</a></li>

<li><a href="Roads_in_India" title="Roads in India">India</a></li>

<li><a href="High-quality_dual_carriageway" title="High-quality dual carriageway">Ireland</a></li>

<li><a href="Roads_in_Italy" title="Roads in Italy">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="Roads_in_Nepal" title="Roads in Nepal">Nepal</a></li>

<li><a href="Roads_in_Pakistan" title="Roads in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Highways_in_Poland" title="Highways in Poland">Poland</a></li>

<li><a href="Roads_in_Portugal" title="Roads in Portugal">Portugal</a></li>

<li><a href="Highways_in_Spain" title="Highways in Spain">Spain</a></li>

<li><a href="Highway_system_in_Taiwan" title="Highway system in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li>

<li><a href="Roads_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Roads in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States" title="Numbered highways in the United States">United States</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arterial_road" title="Arterial road">Arterial road</a></li>

<li><a href="Collector_road" title="Collector road">Collector road</a></li>

<li><a href="County_highway" title="County highway">County highway</a></li>

<li><a href="Local%E2%80%93express_lanes" title="Local–express lanes">Express–collector setup</a></li>

<li><a href="Farm-to-market_road" title="Farm-to-market road">Farm-to-market road</a></li>

<li><a href="Highway" title="Highway">Highway</a></li>

<li><a href="Two-lane_expressway" title="Two-lane expressway">Two-lane expressway</a></li>

<li><a href="Parkway" title="Parkway">Parkway</a></li>

<li><a href="Trunk_road" title="Trunk road">Trunk road</a></li>

<li><a href="Highway_systems_by_country" title="Highway systems by country">Highway systems by country</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alley" title="Alley">Alley</a></li>

<li><a href="Avenue_(landscape)" title="Avenue (landscape)">Avenue</a></li>

<li><a href="Bicycle_boulevard" title="Bicycle boulevard">Bicycle boulevard</a></li>

<li><a href="Boulevard" title="Boulevard">Boulevard</a></li>

<li><a href="Country_lane" title="Country lane">Country lane</a></li>

<li><a href="Driveway" title="Driveway">Driveway</a></li>

<li><a href="Frontage_road" title="Frontage road">Frontage road</a></li>

<li><a href="Green_lane_(road)" title="Green lane (road)">Green lane</a></li>

<li><a href="Main_Street" title="Main Street">Main street</a></li>

<li><a href="Primitive_road" title="Primitive road">Primitive road</a></li>

<li><a href="Single_carriageway" title="Single carriageway">Single carriageway</a></li>

<li><a href="Single-track_road" title="Single-track road">Single-track road</a></li>

<li>Street</li>

<li><a href="Sunken_lane" title="Sunken lane">Sunken lane</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Concurrency_(road)" title="Concurrency (road)">Concurrency</a></li>

<li><a href="Detour" title="Detour">Detour</a></li>

<li><a href="Road_hierarchy" title="Road hierarchy">Road hierarchy</a></li>

<li><a href="Private_highway" title="Private highway">Private highway</a></li>

<li><a href="Route_number" title="Route number">Route number</a>

<ul><li><a href="Special_route" title="Special route">special route</a></li>

<li><a href="Business_route" title="Business route">business route</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Street_hierarchy" title="Street hierarchy">Street hierarchy</a></li>

<li><a href="Stravenue" title="Stravenue">Stravenue</a></li>

<li><a href="Stroad" title="Stroad">Stroad</a></li>

<li><a href="Winter_road" title="Winter road">Winter road</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Road_junction" title="Road junction">Road junctions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Interchange_(road)" title="Interchange (road)">Interchanges</a><br><span class="nobold">(<a href="Grade_separation" title="Grade separation">grade-separated</a>)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cloverleaf_interchange" title="Cloverleaf interchange">Cloverleaf</a></li>

<li><a href="Diamond_interchange" title="Diamond interchange">Diamond</a></li>

<li><a href="Interchange_(road)#Directional_T_interchange" title="Interchange (road)">Directional T</a></li>

<li><a href="Diverging_diamond_interchange" title="Diverging diamond interchange">Diverging diamond</a></li>

<li><a href="Partial_cloverleaf_interchange" title="Partial cloverleaf interchange">Parclo</a></li>

<li><a href="Raindrop_interchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Raindrop interchange">Raindrop</a></li>

<li><a href="Roundabout_interchange" title="Roundabout interchange">Roundabout</a></li>

<li><a href="Single-point_urban_interchange" title="Single-point urban interchange">Single-point urban (SPUI)</a></li>

<li><a href="Stack_interchange" title="Stack interchange">Stack</a></li>

<li><a href="Three-level_diamond_interchange" title="Three-level diamond interchange">Three-level diamond</a></li>

<li><a href="Interchange_(road)#Trumpet_interchange" title="Interchange (road)">Trumpet</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Intersection_(road)" title="Intersection (road)">Intersections<br><span class="nobold">(at-grade)</span></a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Three-way_junction" title="Three-way junction">3-way junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Bowtie_(road)" title="Bowtie (road)">Bowtie</a></li>

<li><a href="Box_junction" title="Box junction">Box junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Channelization_(roads)" title="Channelization (roads)">Channelization</a></li>

<li><a href="Continuous-flow_intersection" title="Continuous-flow intersection">Continuous flow</a></li>

<li><a href="Jughandle" title="Jughandle">Jughandle</a></li>

<li><a href="Michigan_left" title="Michigan left">Michigan left</a></li>

<li><a href="Offset_T-intersection" title="Offset T-intersection">Offset T-intersection</a></li>

<li><a href="Protected_intersection" title="Protected intersection">Protected intersection</a></li>

<li><a href="Quadrant_roadway_intersection" title="Quadrant roadway intersection">Quadrant roadway</a></li>

<li><a href="Right-in/right-out" title="Right-in/right-out">Right-in/right-out (RIRO)</a></li>

<li><a href="Roundabout" title="Roundabout">Roundabout</a></li>

<li><a href="Seagull_intersection" title="Seagull intersection">Seagull intersection</a></li>

<li><a href="Split_intersection" title="Split intersection">Split intersection</a></li>

<li><a href="Superstreet" title="Superstreet">Superstreet</a></li>

<li><a href="Texas_U-turn" title="Texas U-turn">Texas U-turn</a></li>

<li><a href="Turnaround_(road)" title="Turnaround (road)">Turnaround</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Road_surface" title="Road surface">Surfaces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Asphalt_concrete" title="Asphalt concrete">Asphalt concrete</a></li>

<li><a href="Bioasphalt" title="Bioasphalt">Bioasphalt</a></li>

<li>Brick</li>

<li><a href="Chipseal" title="Chipseal">Chipseal</a></li>

<li><a href="Cobblestone" title="Cobblestone">Cobblestone</a></li>

<li><a href="Concrete#Roads" title="Concrete">Concrete</a>

<ul><li><a href="Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">Reinforced concrete</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Corduroy_road" title="Corduroy road">Corduroy</a></li>

<li><a href="Crocodile_cracking" title="Crocodile cracking">Crocodile cracking</a></li>

<li><a href="Crushed_stone" title="Crushed stone">Crushed stone</a></li>

<li><a href="Diamond_grinding_of_pavement" title="Diamond grinding of pavement">Diamond grinding of pavement</a></li>

<li><a href="Full_depth_recycling" title="Full depth recycling">Full depth recycling</a></li>

<li><a href="Glassphalt" title="Glassphalt">Glassphalt</a></li>

<li><a href="Gravel_road" title="Gravel road">Gravel</a></li>

<li><a href="Macadam" title="Macadam">Macadam</a></li>

<li><a href="Pavement_milling" title="Pavement milling">Pavement milling</a></li>

<li><a href="Permeable_paving" title="Permeable paving">Permeable</a></li>

<li><a href="Plank_road" title="Plank road">Plank</a></li>

<li><a href="Plastic_road" title="Plastic road">Plastic</a></li>

<li><a href="Rubberized_asphalt" title="Rubberized asphalt">Rubberized asphalt</a></li>

<li><a href="Sealcoat" title="Sealcoat">Sealcoat</a></li>

<li><a href="Stamped_asphalt" title="Stamped asphalt">Stamped asphalt</a></li>

<li><a href="Tarmacadam" title="Tarmacadam">Tarmac</a></li>

<li><a href="Road_texture" title="Road texture">Texture</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Road_traffic_safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Road traffic safety">Road safety<br>factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road and<br>environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aquaplaning" title="Aquaplaning">Aquaplaning</a></li>

<li><a href="Avalanche" title="Avalanche">Avalanche</a></li>

<li><a href="Black_ice" title="Black ice">Black ice</a></li>

<li><a href="Bleeding_(roads)" title="Bleeding (roads)">Bleeding</a></li>

<li><a href="Crosswind" title="Crosswind">Crosswind</a></li>

<li><a href="Dead_Man's_Curve" title="Dead Man's Curve">Dead Man's Curve</a></li>

<li><a href="Expansion_joint" title="Expansion joint">Expansion joint</a></li>

<li><a href="Hairpin_turn" title="Hairpin turn">Hairpin turn</a></li>

<li><a href="Level_crossing" title="Level crossing">Level crossing</a></li>

<li><a href="Manhole_cover" title="Manhole cover">Manhole cover</a></li>

<li><a href="Oil_spill" title="Oil spill">Oil spill</a></li>

<li><a href="Oversize_load" title="Oversize load">Oversize load</a></li>

<li><a href="Pothole" title="Pothole">Pothole</a></li>

<li><a href="Road_debris" title="Road debris">Road debris</a></li>

<li><a href="Road_slipperiness" title="Road slipperiness">Road slipperiness</a></li>

<li><a href="Road_train" title="Road train">Road train</a></li>

<li><a href="Roadkill" title="Roadkill">Roadkill</a></li>

<li><a href="Rockfall" title="Rockfall">Rockfall</a></li>

<li><a href="Snow_squall" title="Snow squall">Snow squall</a></li>

<li><a href="Speed_bump" title="Speed bump">Speed bump</a></li>

<li><a href="Storm_drain" title="Storm drain">Storm drain</a></li>

<li><a href="Traffic_light" title="Traffic light">Traffic light</a></li>

<li><a href="Traffic_sign" title="Traffic sign">Traffic sign</a></li>

<li><a href="Washboarding" title="Washboarding">Washboarding</a></li>

<li><a href="Washout_(erosion)" title="Washout (erosion)">Washout</a></li>

<li><a href="Whiteout_(weather)" title="Whiteout (weather)">Whiteout</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Traffic_psychology" title="Traffic psychology">Human factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Driver's_education" title="Driver's education">Driver's education</a></li>

<li><a href="Driving_under_the_influence" title="Driving under the influence">Driving under the influence</a></li>

<li><a href="Drowsy_driving" title="Drowsy driving">Drowsy driving</a></li>

<li><a href="Single-vehicle_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-vehicle crash">Single-vehicle crash</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Airbag" title="Airbag">Airbag</a></li>

<li><a href="Automotive_safety" title="Automotive safety">Automotive safety</a></li>

<li><a href="Crumple_zone" title="Crumple zone">Crumple zone</a></li>

<li><a href="Risk_compensation#Road_transport" title="Risk compensation">Risk compensation (road transport)</a></li>

<li><a href="Underride_guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Underride guard">Underride guard</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Traffic#Rules_of_the_road" title="Traffic">Space and<br>time allocation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Barrier_transfer_machine" title="Barrier transfer machine">Barrier transfer machine</a></li>

<li><a href="Climbing_lane" title="Climbing lane">Climbing lane</a></li>

<li><a href="Complete_streets" title="Complete streets">Complete streets</a></li>

<li><a href="Contraflow_lane" title="Contraflow lane">Contraflow lane</a></li>

<li><a href="Contraflow_lane_reversal" title="Contraflow lane reversal">Contraflow lane reversal</a></li>

<li><a href="High-occupancy_toll_lane" title="High-occupancy toll lane">High-occupancy toll lane</a></li>

<li><a href="High-occupancy_vehicle_lane" title="High-occupancy vehicle lane">High-occupancy vehicle lane</a></li>

<li><a href="Living_street" title="Living street">Living street</a></li>

<li><a href="Managed_lane" title="Managed lane">Managed lane</a></li>

<li><a href="Median_strip" title="Median strip">Median / Central reservation</a></li>

<li><a href="Motorcycle_lane" title="Motorcycle lane">Motorcycle lane</a></li>

<li><a href="Passing_lane" title="Passing lane">Passing lane</a></li>

<li><a href="Pedestrian_crossing" title="Pedestrian crossing">Pedestrian crossing</a></li>

<li><a href="Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">Pedestrian zone</a></li>

<li><a href="Refuge_island" title="Refuge island">Refuge island</a></li>

<li><a href="Reversible_lane" title="Reversible lane">Reversible lane</a></li>

<li><a href="Road_verge" title="Road verge">Road verge</a></li>

<li><a href="Runaway_truck_ramp" title="Runaway truck ramp">Runaway truck ramp</a></li>

<li><a href="Shared_space" title="Shared space">Shared space</a></li>

<li><a href="Sidewalk" title="Sidewalk">Sidewalk / Pavement</a></li>

<li><a href="Shoulder_(road)" title="Shoulder (road)">Shoulder</a></li>

<li><a href="Street_running_train" title="Street running train">Street-running railway</a></li>

<li><a href="Traffic_calming" title="Traffic calming">Traffic calming</a></li>

<li><a href="Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Traffic directionality</a></li>

<li><a href="Traffic_island" title="Traffic island">Traffic island</a></li>

<li><a href="Traffic_lanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic lanes">Traffic lanes</a></li>

<li><a href="Traffic_signal_preemption" title="Traffic signal preemption">Traffic signal preemption</a></li>

<li><a href="Truck_bypass" title="Truck bypass">Truck bypass</a></li>

<li><a href="Unused_highway" title="Unused highway">Unused highway</a></li>

<li><a href="Wide_outside_lane" title="Wide outside lane">Wide outside lane</a></li>

<li><a href="Woonerf" title="Woonerf">Woonerf</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demarcation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bollard_(traffic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollard (traffic)">Bollard</a></li>

<li><a href="Botts'_dots" title="Botts' dots">Botts' dots</a></li>

<li><a href="Concrete_step_barrier" title="Concrete step barrier">Concrete step barrier</a></li>

<li><a href="Constant-slope_barrier" title="Constant-slope barrier">Constant-slope barrier</a></li>

<li><a href="F-shape_barrier" title="F-shape barrier">F-shape barrier</a></li>

<li><a href="Guard_rail" title="Guard rail">Guard rail</a></li>

<li><a href="Jersey_barrier" title="Jersey barrier">Jersey barrier</a></li>

<li><a href="Kassel_kerb" title="Kassel kerb">Kassel kerb</a></li>

<li><a href="Noise_barrier" title="Noise barrier">Noise barrier</a></li>

<li><a href="Raised_pavement_marker" title="Raised pavement marker">Raised pavement marker</a></li>

<li><a href="Road_surface_marking" title="Road surface marking">Road surface marking</a></li>

<li><a href="Rumble_strip" title="Rumble strip">Rumble strip</a></li>

<li><a href="Traffic_barrier" title="Traffic barrier">Traffic barrier</a></li>

<li><a href="Traffic_cone" title="Traffic cone">Traffic cone</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Bridge</li>

<li><a href="Causeway" title="Causeway">Causeway</a></li>

<li><a href="Overpass" title="Overpass">Overpass / Flyover</a></li>

<li><a href="Tunnel" title="Tunnel">Underpass / Tunnel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performance<br>indicators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pavement_condition_index" title="Pavement condition index">Pavement condition index</a></li>

<li><a href="International_roughness_index" title="International roughness index">International roughness index</a></li>

<li><a href="Present_serviceability_index" title="Present serviceability index">Present serviceability index</a></li>

<li><a href="Pavement_performance_modeling" title="Pavement performance modeling">Pavement performance modeling</a></li>

<li><a href="Granular_base_equivalency" title="Granular base equivalency">Granular base equivalency</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Glossary_of_road_transport_terms" title="Glossary of road transport terms">Glossary of road transport terms</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_road_types_by_features" class="mw-redirect" title="List of road types by features">Road types by features</a></li>

<li>Template:Traffic signs</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-03-27" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Cable_barrier&oldid=1215886996">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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